{"id":580,"date":"2026-03-26T19:45:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T12:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/?p=580"},"modified":"2026-03-26T19:47:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T12:47:24","slug":"guest-lecture-an-introduction-to-algebraic-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/guest-lecture-an-introduction-to-algebraic-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"Guest Lecture: An Introduction to Algebraic Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-68c276b3-95e4-832a-bb2a-cbd7bf228213-1\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-78\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"3e0646d6-8908-4ad0-96de-f9b5fd93fa1c\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"20\" data-end=\"181\"><strong data-start=\"20\" data-end=\"32\">Speaker:<\/strong> Prof. Dr. Nor Haniza Sarmin \u2013 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)<br data-start=\"145\" data-end=\"148\" \/><strong data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"158\">Topic:<\/strong> <em data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"179\">Lagrange\u2019s Theorem \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"20\" data-end=\"181\"><strong>Date:\u00a0<\/strong>25 March 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"349\">The Algebra Research Group had the honor of hosting a guest lecture by Prof. Dr. Nor Haniza Sarmin, specially designed for <strong data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"317\">undergraduate students<\/strong>, introducing the fundamental concepts leading to <strong data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"389\">Lagrange\u2019s Theorem<\/strong> in group theory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"349\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-586 size-large\" style=\"color: #737373; font-size: 1rem;\" src=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00-1536x960.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-10.01.00.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-583 size-large\" style=\"color: #737373; font-size: 1rem;\" src=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1-1536x960.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"643\">In her lecture, she began with the concept of <strong data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"407\">cosets<\/strong>, explaining how a group can be partitioned into left and right cosets of a subgroup. She illustrated these ideas with several concrete examples, helping participants build an intuitive understanding of how cosets behave within a group.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-584 size-large\" style=\"color: #737373; font-size: 1rem;\" src=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25-1536x960.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.25.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"912\">She then introduced the notion of a <strong data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"693\">subgroup<\/strong> and proceeded to define the <strong data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"745\">index of a subgroup<\/strong>, emphasizing its meaning as the number of distinct cosets. Through examples, she demonstrated how to compute the index and how it reflects the structure of the group.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-585 size-large\" style=\"color: #737373; font-size: 1rem;\" src=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28-1536x960.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.28.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"1183\">Building on these concepts, she presented <strong data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"978\">Lagrange\u2019s Theorem<\/strong>, showing that the order of a subgroup divides the order of the group. The result was explained clearly through the partition of the group into disjoint cosets, linking directly to the definition of index.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-581 size-large\" style=\"color: #737373; font-size: 1rem;\" src=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23-1024x498.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23-1024x498.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23-300x146.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23-768x373.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23-1536x747.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-03-25-at-09.59.23.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1346\">Throughout the lecture, she provided numerous examples to illustrate each concept, making the progression from cosets to Lagrange\u2019s Theorem clear and accessible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1528\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Overall, the lecture offered a well-structured and intuitive introduction to Lagrange\u2019s Theorem, highlighting its foundational role in understanding the structure of finite groups.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"text-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none h-px w-px absolute bottom-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-edge=\"true\"><\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Speaker: Prof. Dr. Nor Haniza Sarmin \u2013 Department of Mathematics, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":588,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions\/588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algebra.math-ugm.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}